Whether you've just unboxed your first 3D printer, or you're still in the research phase of this fantastic hobby, you're going to love this guide. We've put it together with one goal in mind: to get you up to speed on 3D printing fundamentals-fast.

In this post, we'll walk you through some of the integral concepts that allow 3D printing to work, as well as help you understand some of the most important aspects of the hobby.

We'll talk you through software and introduce you to a few key 3D-printing processes. We'll help you find the perfect beginner 3D printer, and we'll even discuss some ways innovative makers are incorporating 3D printing into the world around them.

Consider this your comprehensive crash course in 3D printing for newbies. Today, you're going to learn everything you need to know to get started with this amazing hobby.

Ready? Steady. Go!

What Is 3D Printing?

In many ways, 3D printers are a lot like the traditional printers you've probably used at home, school, or work.

For that type of printing, you put plain paper into the printer, hit print, and the printer superimposes a layer of ink onto each sheet. This creates a two-dimensional image.

Now, imagine what might happen if, instead of a single layer of ink, that same printer used hundreds or even thousands of layers of ink to create a shape that had not only width and length but also had height.

Unfortunately, though, ink isn't very durable. So, to keep its form, this many-layered shape would need to be made of something much stronger, right?

3D printing solves this problem is by this substituting ink for molten plastic. Layer by layer, this plastic is added, then cooled until the final object is complete.

The technical term for this type of printing is Additive Manufacturing. "Additive" because 3D printing adds layers of plastic. Manufacturing, because, well, you're technically manufacturing--or making--an object. Where 3D printing shines, however, is in its speed, its cost, and its accessibility over traditional methods of manufacturing.

The History of 3D Printing

Believe it or not, 3D printing has been around since the mid 1980s. In 1984, a man named Chuck Hull introduced the world to Stereolithography (SLA). This process was the predecessor of the 3D printing that we are familiar with today.

Since those early years, 3D printing technology has dramatically evolved. Once available only to commercial manufacturers, 3D printing has recently become more accessible to hobbyists and small businesses. The biggest boom for 3D printing, however, came in the 2010s.

Some Key Historical 3D Printing Milestones:

• 1984:Introduction of Stereolithography (SLA)

• 1990s:Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) introduced

• 2000s: Bioprinting and metal printing emerge

• 2010s:Expired patents lead to a boom in consumer-grade printers

The Technology Behind 3D Printing

Image: Vertex Designs / Unsplash

Like many hobbies, 3D printing has a stable of technologies that make the 3D printing process possible. If you've ever asked yourself, "just how does a 3D printer work?", here's a run down of the technologies present:

• Additive Manufacturing: A manufacturing process where material is added, layer-by-layer, to construct a three-dimensional object. Additive manufacturing is the cornerstone of 3D printing.

• Computer-Aided Design/Drafting: several A specific type of design and software to create detailed schematics that can then be translated into 3D objects. There are a number of CAD programs available, but some of the most popular are Fusion360, TinkerCad, FreeCAD, and Blendr.

• G-Code: A specialized machine language that translates CAD designs into positional instructions that tell a 3D printer exactly where to place a print head to accurately print an object. We call this conversion process "slicing," and it's an essential step before printing begins.

How 3D Printing is Affecting Industries Around the Globe

3D printing isn't just a hobby for many people. Its invention has real-world applications, and real world impacts. Here are just a few:

The Economic Impact

3D printing helps to create jobs in design, manufacturing, and software development. It also allows small business owners to provide localized production of items as well as reduces shipping costs and lead times. The speed at which 3D printing development occurs also makes prototyping and product development much faster than they once were.

Environmental Considerations

3D printing can help the environment. Many 3D printing materials are biodegradable, which means they won't have as much negative environmental impact as other types of plastic. Additive manufacturing allows consumers to make items instead of purchasing them, cutting the environmental impact of importing, shipping, and large-scale manufacturing.

Social Implications

3D printing is also a social hobby, and can help build interest in STEM fields like engineering. In the healthcare world, custom prosthetics and bioprinting are changing the way we stay healthy. Finally, low cost 3D printers are bridging the gap between high-tech manufacturing and the public.

Future Prospects

In the future, expect to see 3D printing become even more prevalent in the world of aerospace, sports, healthcare, and even custom manufacturing.

What Are Some Common 3D Printing Applications?

Knowing where 3D printing is being used outside of the hobby world can help you understand some possibilities it offers. Here are a few applications where 3D printing is prevalent:

The Medical Field

In the medical field, professionals are embracing 3D printing to create low-cost prosthetic devices. Who knows, perhaps someday soon we will be able to 3D print organic tissue for lifesaving organ transplants.

Aerospace Engineering

Because of their low weight, some 3D printing materials are ideal for aerospace applications. Plus, 3D printing's ability to create complex shapes allows the fabrication of specialized or hard-to-get parts.

Customized Gadgets and Accessories

People all over the world use 3D printing to make fun and exciting gadgets, from custom phone cases and unique headphone stands to fidget toys and lifestyle items. People have created entire websites for this purpose, and millions of models are readily available on the internet.

Home Improvement

Customized shelving, organizational items, and even hard-to-find household parts are par for the course for 3D printing and home improvement. Whether you're sorting out your office drawers, or putting up a few custom wall hooks, you'll love the almost unlimited ways there are to use 3D printing in your home.

Educational Tools

Because there are so many beginner-friendly 3D printing materials and models available, schools are now using 3D printers as educational tools. Students who learn basic 3D printing fundamentals learn engineering concepts that can help with problem-solving and even self-efficacy.

The Material Science Behind 3D Printing

So far, we've only discussed plastic as the primary material for 3D printing. But, there are several varieties of plastic polymers (ABS, PLA, PETG, TPU, etc.) that can serve in this role. There is also no "best" polymer to use. But in the hobby world, the most common are PLA, PETG, and ABS. The good news is all of these are beginner-friendly 3D printing materials.

Metals such as titanium, steel, and aluminum can also be printed using specialized industrial 3D printers. And for large-scale manufacturing, ceramics might also be a viable option.

Some 3D Printing Key Terms

If you want to be part of the 3D printing realm, you'll need to know the lingo. Here, we've compiled a list of terms that you are bound to come across during your journey. Feel free to bookmark this list so that you can refer to it later.

Print Quality Terms

• Layer Height:The physical height of each printed layer in millimeters.

• Infill Density:The density of plastic devoted to areas inside the walls of a 3D print. Usually expressed as a percentage with 100% being a completely solid object with no airspace between layers.

• Print Speed: The speed at which the print head moves as it extrudes filament. Expressed in millimeters per second (mm/s).

Calibration and Tuning Terms

• Bed Leveling:adjusting the surface of the print bed so that it lays completely perpendicular in relation to the nozzle.

• Extruder Calibration: The extruder is a special motor which pushes plastic through the printer nozzle. Calibration of the extruder is done to achieve a 1:1 ratio of filament requested by the G-Code to filament actually extruded.

• Temperature Setting:Temperatures vary across filament types and manufacturers. This information can usually be found on the filament spool or box, and adjusted in the slicing software.

Related Guide:How to Calibrate 3D Printer?

Advanced Feature Terms

• Dual/Multi Extrusion:A process by which multiple extruders or a dedicated exchanger are used to change filament colors during a print.

• Auto-Bed Leveling: (ABL) An automatic, sensor-based method of accounting for imperfections in the perpendicular relationship between the print bed and the nozzle.

• Direct Drive:A term used to describe an extruder which attached directly to the nozzle of the print head. All AnkerMake 3D printers are direct drive printers.

• Bowden Tube: A term used to describe an extruder system that is not directly in contact with the printer nozzle, and instead relies on a section of silicone tubing to channel filament from the extruder to the nozzle. It also describes the silicone tubing.

Safety Terms

• Ventilation:Proper ventilation is necessary when 3D printing and is important when printing materials such as ABS.

• Enclosure:A specialized shroud or surrounding entity that allows stabilization of 3D printing temperatures and fume containment when printing.

• Emergency Stop: A hardware or software trigger that will immediately stop the current print job and disconnect the printer in case of emergencies.

Firmware and Update Terms

• Open Source/Proprietary Firmware: Firmware is specialized software designed specifically to operate on-board printer features. Some manufacturers allow open source firmware to be used on their printers. Others will only allow proprietary firmware to be present.

• Firmware Updates:Updates are released frequently, as firmware is often in continual development. You should regularly update your printer's firmware to get the newest features and bug fixes.

These are far from every term used in the world of 3D printing. However, they are helpful to know as you start steeping yourself in this new space.

The Types of 3D Printing

Now, it's time to delve into the different kinds of 3D printing processes. There are a few, but three of them stand out above the pack: FDM, SLA, and SLS. When we discuss 3D printing, we're almost always referring to FDM printing or "Fused Deposition Modeling." But the other two types are just as important to know. Let's go over them.

Fused Deposition Modeling

FDMuses a spool of thermoplastic filament melted and extruded through a nozzle. This nozzle moves along the X, Y, and Z axes layer by layer as it builds a 3D object. After each layer is added, the system cools and solidifies it before proceeding.

FDM's speed and ease of printing makes it great for prototyping, making household items, and printing educational models.That's probably why it's one of the most widely used 3D printing processes in the world today. However, it's not the only way to 3D print. Here are some other types of 3D printing processes.

SLA (Stereolithography or "Resin Printing")

In SLA or Resin Printing, a laser cures individual layers of liquid resin in a vat. As each layer cures, it hardens. Once hardened, the printer pulls the model upwards so the process can repeat. Resin printing often requires post-processing and additional UV curing.

The resin used in SLA printing is also potentially toxic, so makers must wear personal protective equipment (PPE) when handing resin and resin prints. Resin printing, however, provides a level of detail that FDM cannot replicate. It is ideal for highly detailed models and figurines, jewelry, and even dental applications.

SLS (Selective Laser Sintering)

In this type of 3D printing, a laser solidifies or "sinters" a powdered material, creating each layer of the print. After each layer is sintered, more powder is added, and the process repeats. Because of the temperature of the laser, models need to cool down in the SLS printer before removal. The strength of SLS is in its alternative printing method, which is suitable for functional parts, complex geometries, and small production runs.

Again, when we discuss hobby-level printers, we're mainly speaking about FDM, or sometimes, Resin printing. Both types of printing have distinct advantages and disadvantages. However, it should be noted that AnkerMake does not currently offer SLA or SLS printing equipment.

Types of 3D Printing Software

Now, let's look at some of the software types you're going to encounter as you get deeper into 3D printing. You probably already know that choosing the right software for your specific purpose is a crucial step in your 3D printing journey.

We want to make sure you know exactly what each type of software does, and where it fits into the 3D printing workflow.

And remember, the title of "best 3D printing software for beginners" is subjective. So, don't limit yourself when you choose. Experiment until you find a software suite that makes you feel comfortable.

CAD Software

CAD software is what many makers use to design their 3D models. These software suites allow you to create and manipulate shapes, and then translate those shapes into STL, OBJ or 3MF files. Your slicing software then converts these files into G-Code for printing.

Related Guide:Best CAD Software for 3D Printing

Slicing Software

The sliceris where CAD ideas are brought to life. Most slicing software allows you to adjust a wide range of nuanced settings to get your print just right. These range from layer height and extrusion multiplier, to support types and surface designs. Slicing software also converts these settings and your model into G-code. Your printer interprets this G-code as loci and other instructions.

Remote Interfacing Software

Programs such as Octoprint and MobileRaker allow you to remotely interact with your 3D printer from anywhere in the world. Not at home, but need to start a print? This type of software will help you do so. There are several companies, including many open-source options, which let you control your printer from anywhere-even if anywhere is just the couch.

How to Choose a 3D Printer for Beginners

So, now that you know more than the average person, are you ready to take the plunge and put all your new 3D printing knowledge into use? Fantastic. The only question is: how do you choose the perfect 3D printer?

Well, this wouldn't be an "everything" guide if we didn't include that info! This section deals specifically with a few important tips for beginners who are ready to pull the trigger on a shiny new 3D printer:

Step 1: Establish A Budget

One of the most common mistakes beginners make in 3D printing is not establishing a budget for their first printer. That's why setting an initial budget at the outset is important.

Just remember: you may also need to purchase accessories such as filament spools, and/or a tool kit. Budget for these costs as well to prevent spending more than you plan to.

Average Printer Costs and Features

• Under $200: Ideally an entry-level printer. This is about as budget-conscious as you can get for a 3D printer. The exception being sale-priced or discontinued models. While they won't offer every bell and whistle they can be good for basic projects and learning how to start 3D printing. However, expect limited features and lower print quality. You may even want to save up a little more cash to buy something a little better.

• $200 - 500: For us, this is the sweet spot for beginners who are serious about diving into 3D You'll find printers with better speed, higher accuracy, and additional features like touchscreen controls. Printers in this category can handle most simple 3D printing projects. For beginners, it's not a coincidence that we've priced our flagship AnkerMake M5 3D printer in this category. We want you to buy one, or two, or maybe even ten. That's because we believe the features offered by the AnkerMake M5 are much more comprehensive and beginner-friendly than other printers in this class.

• $500 - 1,000: At this price point, you'll find several quality options and a boatload of additional features. These can range from included enclosures to all-metal hotends, to specialized CoreXY printing geometries. You'll also find many machines capable of being put into commercial use. Advanced makers will recognize these printers as having exceptional customization options and exceptionally high-quality print results.

• Above $1,000: These printers can range in cost from four to five figures and beyond. For the home hobbyist, or weekend printing enthusiast, these printers are probably overkill. But, for commercial businesses, custom manufacturers, and those wishing to put together print farms, there are some outstanding options in this category.

Step 2: Choose FDM First

If this is your first foray into 3D printing, we'd recommend starting out with an FDM printer. They're often easier to use, don't require expensive PPE or curing, and they can achieve some great prints with minimal effort. Unless you need to print highly detailed models, we'd advise you to stay away from SLA and SLS-at least for now.

Step 3: Choose the Right Features

So, what features should you look for in a beginner 3D printer?

The three key features to consider will be build volume (the size and height of the platter that you can print on), extruder type, and connectivity. It's also important to think about what you will print, and how you want to interact with your printer.

Look for a build plate around 225 x 225 mm to start. That's big enough to tackle larger prints without taking forever, but it's also small enough to fit in most spare bedrooms. For extruders, direct drive usually offers more printing options, but Bowden tube systems will work if you're on a budget. As for connectivity, you'll want to determine whether you prefer to print via Wi-Fi, or if you're okay with using a USB thumb drive.

Step 4: Additional Considerations

Choose Exceptional Software Compatibility

Look for printers that have well-known software support. Some companies will even specially design a variant of popular software suites to work with their printers.

Choose Positive Reviews and an Established Community

These days, most people read reviews before purchasing an expensive item. 3D printer shopping is no different. You should read several reviews, both positive and negative, before making a purchase. That way you're able to buy with confidence.

If a company has an established community, or forum, visit that space and see what it's like. A community should welcome you and help you rather than act judgementally-especially if you're new.

Choose Warranty Details and After-Sales Support

A warranty of at least 1 year from purchase is pretty standard for most printers. Less than that might be inviting trouble. It's also important that you know your options for parts and after-sale support. A company should have a clearly defined process for handling these scenarios in case anything comes up.

The Best 3D Printer for Beginners

All those qualifications, may have you asking which printer we recommend. Well, we're not ashamed to admit the AnkerMake M5 3D printer is our top recommendation for beginners. It's fast, it's affordable, has solid support, and M5's print quality is miles above many budget printers on the market today. In other words, it ticks all the best beginner-friendly 3D printer boxes.

And, with a high-speed printing rate of 500 mm/s, M5 ensures that you won't be left waiting for your prints. Plus, a precision of 0.1 mm helps reproduce your designs with the utmost accuracy. And M5 is built to last, sporting a full aluminum structure, a full-color LCD, and a direct-drive extruder system.

It's reliable, efficient, and user-friendly to make 3D printing hassle-free. If you haven't yet, M5 is absolutely worth checking out.

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Share Your Thoughts on 3D Printing

In this comprehensive exploration of 3D printing, we've covered everything from its fundamentals and history to its technology, processes, software, applications, and global impacts. We've tried to give you all the information you need to begin, along with some helpful advice. Finally, we've shared some ideas about what the future might hold for 3D printing.

You might find this amount of information overwhelming, but once you start, you'll be surprised at how much more there is to learn. When you do, we hope you'll come back here and share your own insights with us in the comments.

Until next time, Happy Printing!

3D Printing Beginner FAQ

Is 3D printing beginner-friendly?

Yes! With the right instruction and a learning mindset, 3D printing is a hobby that can be enjoyed by just about everyone regardless of their skill level.

Is it expensive to 3D print for beginners?

That depends. Most people find 3D printing to be reasonably affordable. However, there are outlier machines and accessories that can cost upwards of a few thousand dollars. But those circumstances are the exception, rather than the rule. If you're worried about costs, it's best to set a budget and start small before shelling out large sums of cash.

How much does it cost to start 3D printing?

Expect to spend around $100-$400 for a decent entry-level printer. The cost of materials ranges from $20-$50 per spool. Which means, for many people, an initial investment of around $400-$600 should be enough to get you started.