If you have done any amount of 3D printing, you may know STLs are the most common type of file you are likely to encounter. Often you may start by downloading STLs from file-sharing sites such as Make It Real.

However, if you're feeling creative and adventurous, you can quite easily create your own in a few simple steps allowing you to bring your own ideas to life without the need to rely on others.

Understanding STL Files

A good place to start is the fundamentals of an STL file. The rarely used full name for this acronym is Standard Tessellation/Triangle Language. This naming comes from the fact that an STL is a series of triangles used to represent the surface of a 3D model. These triangles create what is called a mesh, which your 3D printing slicer will interpret and send to your printer in the form of G-code.

One of the main reasons for using STLs is that when a 3D model is created within a CAD program, extra information, such as color, is often present that is usually not needed when 3D printing a model.

Another benefit of using STLs is that when you export a model created in CAD, you will often have the choice of adjusting the STL's Resolution, which helps keep file sizes manageable.

What Are STL Files Used For?

STLs are essential in 3D printing, translating CAD designs into printable files. They are widely used in many industries that use digital and computer-aided design.

Artists and hobbyists rely on them to craft unique sculptures and functional designs, often sharing or downloading models from platforms like Thingiverse. Their compatibility with most 3D printing slicer software including Ankermake Studio makes STL files a vital tool across many applications. 

How to Create STL Files: Step-by-Step

Choose and Set Up 3D Modeling Software

The first step in creating an STL file is selecting the right 3D modeling software. Popular options include Tinkercad (ideal for beginners due to its easy-to-use interface), Fusion 360 (great for precision engineering and professional designs), Blender(suitable for complex artistic and organic shapes), and SketchUp(widely used for architectural modeling). Consider your skill level and the complexity of your project when choosing software.

Once you've selected a program, download and install it, ensuring it is properly set up for 3D modeling tasks, including unit preferences and default file formats.

Design Your 3D Model

Begin designing your model using the tools available in your chosen software. If you're new to 3D modeling, start with basic shapes and gradually progress to more complex designs.

We will create a basic pipe STL using Fusion 360 for this example.

Step 1: Start a New Design

Open Fusion 360 and create a new design by clicking File > New Design.

Save your project immediately to avoid losing progress.

Step 2: Create a Sketch

In the toolbar, click Create Sketch. Choose a Plane to draw your base sketch.

Step 3: Draw the Outer Circle

Select the Center Diameter Circletool from the Sketch menu.

Click the center of the origin as the starting point.

Drag outward and set the circle diameter by typing the desired value (e.g., 50 mm).

Click Finish Sketch to exit sketch mode.

Step 4: Extrude the Circle

Select the Extrude tool from the Solid tab.

Click on the area of the circle to select it for extrusion.

Specify the extrusion height (e.g., 80 mm) in the dialog box.

Ensure the operation is set to New Body, then click OK to create the cylinder.

Step 5: Add the Inner Hole

Select the Hole tool from the Create menu in the Solid tab.

Click on the top face of the cylinder to place the hole.

In the Hole dialog box:

• Placement: Click the center of the cylinder's top face (this ensures the hole is concentric).

• Hole Type: Choose Simple.

• Diameter: Enter the desired inner diameter (e.g., 25 mm).

• Extents: Set the depth to match or exceed the height of the cylinder to create a through-hole (e.g., 80 mm).

Click OK to create the inner part of the pipe.

Step 6: Export as an STL File

Go to File > Exportin the top menu.

In the Export dialog box: - Name the file. - Choose STL Files (*.stl) from the file type dropdown.

Click Export to save the STL file to your desired location.

This is obviously a very basic design. However, once you master the basic techniques and skills within your chosen CAD software, you will soon find yourself able to complete more and more complex projects. Here is a design that was made using basic geometry and very few advanced techniques.

See below for our suggestions on how to learn and improve your CAD skills.

Top Tips for 3D model creation

• Avoid intersecting or overlapping geometry: This can cause issues when slicing the model for printing.
• Maintain structural integrity: Ensure walls are thick enough to print successfully and avoid creating unsupported overhangs that may require additional support structures. Focus on keeping the design clean and suitable for 3D printing to minimize errors during the slicing and printing process.
• Resolution: Choose a high resolution for detailed models, but avoid excessively large files that can slow down slicing or printing.
• Scale: Verify that the model is in the correct units (millimeters are standard for most 3D printers).
• Orientation: Align the model correctly to ensure it is ready for printing without further adjustments in the slicer. Finally, confirm the exported STL file is compatible with your slicer software, such as AnkerMake Studio, to streamline the transition to printing.

Optimizing STL Files for 3D Printing

If you follow the best practices and keep your designs simple while starting your creative journey, you may not need to worry about advanced troubleshooting. However, it's always good to be prepared, as you might encounter issues with your designs or STL files from other sources.

Certain design elements can sometimes create "imperfections" in a model, leading to it not being fully watertight. This can cause printing issues if left unresolved. Fortunately, there are tools available to quickly analyze and fix these problems without manually editing the design.

One such tool is Meshmixer, which features an analysis tool to highlight problem areas and even offers automatic repair options. Many slicers also include built-in repair features, often powered by Netfabb. While these tools are convenient, they may not always handle complex models effectively.

If your file size is too large for your needs, Meshmixercan also reduce the resolution (the number of triangles in the mesh), making the file smaller and more manageable.

When creating models in CAD software, it's important to be mindful of features such as overhangs, thin walls, and intricate geometry, as these can pose challenges during printing.

Best Practices for Creating STL Files

When designing STL files, it's essential to prioritize printability to ensure smooth and successful 3D printing. Start by avoiding overhangs greater than 45 degrees unless you plan to include supports, as these angles can lead to sagging or poor surface quality. Wall thickness is another critical factor; ensure your walls are neither too thin to print effectively nor excessively thick, which could waste material and increase print times unnecessarily.

While watertight designs and repair tools like Meshmixer or slicer-integrated fixes have been discussed, it's worth emphasizing that prevention is better than correction. By focusing on clean geometry and eliminating potential issues during the design phase, you can minimize the need for troubleshooting later.

Finally, always use a slicer preview to evaluate your design before printing. The Layer view in AnkerMake Studio can highlight potential problems, such as incorrect orientation or unsupported features, allowing you to optimize your model for a better printing experience. Following these best practices will save time and ensure reliable, high-quality prints.

Where to Learn and Improve STL Creation Skills

Improving your CAD and STL creation skills is easier than ever with the wealth of resources available online. YouTube is an excellent starting point, offering countless free tutorials. For example, the Product Design Online channel is well-known for its beginner-friendly Fusion 360 tutorials, allowing you to follow along and practice using key tools.

For more structured learning, platforms like Coursera offer in-depth courses on tools like Fusion 360 and Blender, providing step-by-step guidance to help you progress.

You can also join communities like AnkerMake's Discord or Reddit's 3D Printing groups to connect with experts and enthusiasts, share ideas, and get feedback on your designs. Combining tutorials, courses, and community support is a great way to develop your STL creation skills and improve your 3D printing results.

Understanding and creating STL files is a fundamental skill for anyone involved in 3D printing. These files serve as the bridge between your creative ideas and the physical objects you bring to life. By mastering the basics of STL creation, optimizing your models for printability, and using available tools to troubleshoot and improve your designs, you can ensure successful and high-quality prints.

We encourage you to explore and experiment with your designs-start simple and gradually take on more complex projects as your skills grow. Whether you're a hobbyist, artist, or professional, designing your own STL files offers the freedom to transform your ideas into reality.

AnkerMake offers a great range of reliable 3D printers and high-quality filaments, These tools provide the perfect foundation to bring your creations to life.

FAQs about 3D Print files

Do all 3D printers use STL files?

While most 3D printers accept STL files, some printers use other formats like OBJ or proprietary formats. Always check your printer's compatibility.

Can I edit STL files after exporting them?

Yes, STL files can be edited using tools like Blender or Meshmixer, though working with the original design file is easier.

What's the best resolution setting for STL files?

Use medium to high resolution for detailed prints, but avoid overly high resolutions as they increase file size without significant quality improvement.